tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8728993899818898292024-02-07T01:40:37.926-06:00Wendy QuestBlog of award-winning Author of Contemporary and Historical fiction which contains historical research, writing tips, recommended writing and reading books, and a dash of extra fun!Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.comBlogger367125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-32628494410842308602021-03-25T09:00:00.061-05:002021-03-25T09:00:03.580-05:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Scandinavian Languages (Part Four) - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! Last week we learned some Danish words. This week we're going to learn a few more words. Hope you enjoy digging in!
<BR><BR>
<UL><B>Question Words:</B>
<LI>When? - Hvornar?(<I>vornor</I>)</LI>
<LI>Where? - Hvor?(<I>Ivor</I>)</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
<UL><B>Numbers:</B>
<LI>0 - nul (<I>nool</I>)</LI>
<LI>1 - en(<I>ain</I>)</LI>
<LI>2 - to (<I>toe</I>)</LI>
<LI>3 - tre (<I>tray</I>)</LI>
<LI>4 - fire (<I>feerer</I>)</LI>
<LI>5 - fem(<I>fem</I>)</LI>
<LI>6 - seks (<I>sex</I>)</LI>
<LI>7 - syv (<I>soo</I>)</LI>
<LI>8 - otte(<I>aw-der</I>)</LI>
<LI>9 - ni (<I>nee</I>)</LI>
<LI>10 - ti (<I>tee</I>)</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
<UL><B>Days of the Week:</B>
<LI>Monday - mandag(<I>Manda</I>)</LI>
<LI>Tuesday - tirsdag(<I>teers-da</I>)</LI>
<LI>Wednesday - onsdag(<I>ons-da</I>)</LI>
<LI>Thursday - torsdag (<I>tors-da</I>)</LI>
<LI>Friday - fredag(<I>fray-da</I>)</LI>
<LI>Saturday - lordag(<I>ler-da</I>)</LI>
<LI>Sunday - sondag (<I>sern-da</I>)</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
<B>References:</B>
<BR>
<Table Cellspacing=0 cellborder =0 cellpadding =0>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0844295116/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0844295116&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=1501b10a6e302b2b31482e1ac1a3b3a8"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0844295116&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a>
</TD>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0844295116/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0844295116&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=97792326084115d1cc6596b464e4bbb2">Just Enough Scandinavian</a>
</TD>
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</Table>Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-16259585741320043252021-03-18T09:00:00.051-05:002021-03-18T09:00:00.462-05:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Scandinavian Languages (Part Three) - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! Last week we learned some Danish words. This week we're going to learn a few more words. Hope you enjoy digging in!
<BR><BR>
<UL><B>Health Words:</B>
<LI>I have pain here - Jeg har ondt her (<I>Yigh har ont hair</I>)</LI>
<LI>I'm ill/sick - Jeg er syg(<I>Igh air soo-oo</I>)</LI>
<LI>I feel dizzy - Jeg er svimmel (<I>Yigh air svimmel</I>)</LI>
<LI>I'm pregnant - Jeg er gravid (<I>Yigh air gra-veethe</I>)</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
<UL><B>Body Parts:</B>
<LI>Ankle - anklen (<I>ank-len</I>)</LI>
<LI>Arm - armen(<I>armen</I>)</LI>
<LI>Back - ryggen (<I>rooggen</I>)</LI>
<LI>Foot - foden (<I>foe-then</I>)</LI>
<LI>Head - hovedet (<I>ho-erthet</I>)</LI>
<LI>Leg - benet(<I>beenet</I>)</LI>
<LI>Shoulder - skulderen (<I>skoollern</I>)</LI>
<LI>Throat - halsen (<I>hal-sen</I>)</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
<UL><B>Other Health Words:</B>
<LI>I have a toothache - Jeg har tandpine(<I>Yigh har tann-peener</I>)</LI>
<LI>My child is ill - Mit barn er sygt(<I>Meet barn air soo-oot</I>)</LI>
<LI>Doctor - doktor(<I>doktor</I>)</LI>
<LI>Dentist - tandlaege (<I>tann-layer</I>)</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
<B>References:</B>
<BR>
<Table Cellspacing=0 cellborder =0 cellpadding =0>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0844295116/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0844295116&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=1501b10a6e302b2b31482e1ac1a3b3a8"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0844295116&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a>
</TD>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0844295116/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0844295116&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=97792326084115d1cc6596b464e4bbb2">Just Enough Scandinavian</a>
</TD>
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</Table>Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-21443723217671923202021-03-11T09:00:00.059-06:002021-03-11T09:00:00.926-06:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Scandinavian Languages (Part Two) - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! Last week we learned some Danish words. This week we're going to learn a few more words. Hope you enjoy digging in!
<BR><BR>
<UL><B>Introductions:</B>
<LI>My name is ... - Jeg hedder (<I>yigh hither</I>)</LI>
<LI>What's your name? - Hvad hedder De? (<I>va hither dee</I>)</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
<UL><B>Meals:</B>
<LI>breakfast - morgenmad (<I>morn-mathe</I>)</LI>
<LI>Lunch - frokost(<I>fraw-kost</I>)</LI>
<LI>Dinner - middag (<I>medda</I>)</LI>
<LI>Thank you very much - Mange tak (<I>mung-er tuck</I>)</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
<UL><B>Other Food Words:</B>
<LI>Bakery - bager(<I>bay-er</I>)</LI>
<LI>Yeast pastry - kringle(<I>krengler</I>)</LI>
<LI>Mints - pebermynte(<I>pev-er-moonter</I>)</LI>
<LI>Ice - is (<I>ees</I>)</LI>
<LI>Lemon - citron(<I>citrone</I>)</LI>
<LI>Candy - bolsjer(<I>boll-sher</I>)</LI>
<LI>Caramel - nougat(<I>nooga</I>)</LI>
<LI>Ham - skinke (<I>skinker</I>)</LI>
<LI>Grapes - vindruer(<I>veen-droo-er</I>)</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
<B>References:</B>
<BR>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0844295116/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0844295116&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=1501b10a6e302b2b31482e1ac1a3b3a8"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0844295116&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a>
</TD>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0844295116/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0844295116&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=97792326084115d1cc6596b464e4bbb2">Just Enough Scandinavian</a>
</TD>
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</Table>Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-87780728843738125872021-03-04T09:00:00.064-06:002021-03-04T09:00:00.639-06:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Scandinavian Languages - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! Last week we learned a little Old Norse language. This week we'll start learning some Scandinavian languages starting with Danish. Hope you enjoy digging in!
<BR><BR>
These words are modern Scandinavian that we're learning just for fun. The words that Vikings would have spoken would be considered Old Scandinavian which we will analyze at a later time. For now, let's learn some basic words!
<BR><BR>
<UL><B>Basic Greetings:</B>
<LI>Hello - Dav (<I>dow</I>)</LI>
<LI>Hello - Hej (<I>hi</I>)</LI>
<LI>Good Morning - Godmorgen (<I>go-morn</I>)</LI>
<LI>Good Day - Goddag (<I>go-day</I>)</LI>
<LI>Goodbye - Farvel (<I>far-vel</I>)</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
<UL><B>Useful Words:</B>
<LI>Yes - ja (<I>ya</I>)</LI>
<LI>No - nej(<I>nigh</I>)</LI>
<LI>Thank you - Tak (<I>tuck</I>)</LI>
<LI>Thank you very much - Mange tak (<I>mung-er tuck</I>)</LI>
<LI>Excuse me - Undskyld (<I>on-skool</I>)</LI>
<LI>I'm sorry - Desvaerre (<I>desvair</I>)</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
<UL><B>Communicating Words:</B>
<LI>Do you speak English? - Taler De engelsk? (<I>tayler dee eng-elsk</I>)</LI>
<LI>I don't understand - Jeg forstar det ikke(<I>yigh forstor day igger</I>)</LI>
<LI>Please can you repeat that? - Vii de vaere sa venlig at gentage det? (<I>vil dee vair saw venlee at ghen-tay day</I>)</LI>
<LI>Thank you very much - Mange tak (<I>mung-er tuck</I>)</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
<B>References:</B>
<BR>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0844295116/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0844295116&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=1501b10a6e302b2b31482e1ac1a3b3a8"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0844295116&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0844295116/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0844295116&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=97792326084115d1cc6596b464e4bbb2">Just Enough Scandinavian</a>
</TD>
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</Table>Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-4034841209494232832021-02-25T09:00:00.076-06:002021-02-25T09:00:00.705-06:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Old Norse Language - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! Last week we took a quick look at Old Norse and Scandinavian place names throughout the United Kingdom. This week we'll learn some Old Norse. Hope you enjoy digging in!
<BR><BR>
<BR><BR>
Old Norse geographical words:
<UL>
<LI>ey - "island"</LI>
<LI>staup - "steep"</LI>
<LI>meols - "sandbank or sand dunes"</LI>
<LI>-by, -byr - "settlement or farm"</LI>
<LI>stein - "stone"</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
Old Norse food and drink words:
<UL>
<LI>bjórr - "beer"</LI>
<LI>blymingr - "bread"</LI>
<LI>porskr - "cod" </LI>
<LI>skadd - "herring"</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
Old Norse common words:
<UL>
<LI>dorg - "fishing line"</LI>
<LI>geit - "goat"</LI>
<LI>kirk - "church"</LI>
<LI>skyrta - "shirt"</LI>
<LI>brók - "trousers"</LI>
<LI>knappr - "button"</LI>
<LI>rannsaka - "ransack"</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
Old Norse ship-related words:
<UL>
<LI>skip - "ship"</LI>
<LI>skeid - "warship"</LI>
<LI>dreki - "dragon ship"</LI>
</UL>
<BR><BR>
Anglo-Saxons borrowed many Old Norse words which eventually became English. Examples include their, they, them, die, egg, cast, knife and window.
<BR><BR>
<B>References:</B>
<BR>
<BR>
"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0816030049/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0816030049&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=001c94ca43be9d42064ddfac2dbefbc9"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0816030049&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0816030049" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0761442707/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0761442707&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=bbb9f7b38a11357e6a4a20a111dad426"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0761442707&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0761442707" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0816030049/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0816030049&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=89df6b45a42850d7ce69cf52a649bce2">Cultural Atlas of the Viking World</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0816030049" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0761442707/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0761442707&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=ff83e099ccd9a096be328841c279fa39">American Archaeology Uncovers the Vikings</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0761442707" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0783554540/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0783554540&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=ce91ae50be663aaa92f6a845c6740ab1"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0783554540&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0783554540" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1426320779/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1426320779&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=d3a5c1bb70497ef299cccbaa2cc74203"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=1426320779&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1426320779" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0783554540/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0783554540&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=9ce17305a3754719473ad94295a8698e">What Life Was Like When Longships Sailed: Vikings Ad 800-1100</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0783554540" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1426320779/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1426320779&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=a36352443f1a459fd71846076bb4560b">National Geographic Kids Everything Vikings: All the Incredible Facts and Fierce Fun You Can Plunder</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1426320779" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/159845126X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=159845126X&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=1a1d4d25c84389c4924c0ff7cb6de1c2"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=159845126X&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=159845126X" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0198205260/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0198205260&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=40943d761415d16f7ad0e6c61cb2d4c8"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0198205260&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0198205260" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/159845126X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=159845126X&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=f419c19fcb5bae775f5033abc3671589">Leif Eriksson: Viking Explorer of the New World (Great Explorers of the World)</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=159845126X" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0198205260/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0198205260&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=b2f9d97c28b9b5cab78d7e643f1b7007">The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings (Oxford Illustrated Histories)</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0198205260" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0500051445/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0500051445&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=69b12f52dbe396c1df2723f7f25238f8"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0500051445&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0500051445" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0500019827/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0500019827&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=9a1a580c6bf25d5fe0f5c419ae4c2f8b"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0500019827&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0500019827" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0816030049/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0816030049&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=13e84294d4bb75183050b469ff974bd7"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0816030049&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0816030049" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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</Table>Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-14209876598309745312021-02-18T09:00:00.119-06:002021-02-18T09:00:04.474-06:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Old Norse and Scandinavian Place Names - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! Last week we learned about the many languages the Vikings spoke and wrote. This week we'll take a deeper dive into Old Norse and Scandinavian place names. Hope you enjoy digging in!
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As we learned last week, Old Norse languagewas derived from the West Norse (Scandinavian) dialect and is also known as Old Icelandic. Eventually it was replaced by other languages such as English. Through place names we can still see the Old Norse influence.
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The word "viking" may have come from the Old Norse word "vÍkingr" which meant seafarer from the vÍk arean of Norway. You can see in the map above the Vik municipality that still exists off the Sognefjord.
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Ireland is littered with Old Norse place names uch as Wexford, Fota, Selskar, Tuskar, Dursey, Wicklow, Howth, Carlingord, and Lambay.
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Scandinavian and Old Norse place names are scattered throughout England as well. The suffix -by means "settlement" in Old Norse. "Lund" means "grove of trees" in Old Norse.
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Scandinavian -thorpe meant "village, hamlet".
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Close to the city of Birkenhead, on the peninsula of Wirral, there are several Old Norse place names.
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Tranmere - "sandbank where cranes gather"
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Irby - Irish settlement
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Thingwall - "field where the thing meets" where thing refers to their assembly
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Meols - "sandbank"
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The Vikings called the very top tip of the United Kingdom "hvarf" or "turning point". Today it's known as Cape Wrath. They called the Hebrides "Sudreys" or "southern islands".
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Scotland contains many Viking place names as well. Scandinavian -ness meant "point, headland". Words "Ting" and "Tyn" both repesent "Thing" or assembly.
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Picture References:
<BR>
Ireland, England Maps - Google Maps
<BR>
Hebrides - By Kelisi, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=541156
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<B>References:</B>
<BR>
<BR>
"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1605986399/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1605986399&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=764e25f04cb688ba80073128602a2ed9">The Vikings</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1605986399" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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</TABLE>Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-80839886368551500982021-02-11T09:00:00.142-06:002021-02-11T09:00:00.371-06:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Languages - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! Last week we learned how Iceland was discovered and settled by Vikings. This week we're taking a closer look at the languages the Vikings spoke and wrote. Hope you enjoy digging in!
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPKpT6Eq_r5PH9Tj_ZuYuhBHKA5CyUiV0645p_uKH0pKYftCS67mYO95C71iqQlNOWW-pxL69aCIAxiRFYbznf7AiY_SeYKTIe_ODwXpl6fzYnEZ7H3_oSjzFZHAbPu9ChGdZSMSNiMdUv/s400/SwedishHistoryMuseum_Runestone.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="266" data-original-width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPKpT6Eq_r5PH9Tj_ZuYuhBHKA5CyUiV0645p_uKH0pKYftCS67mYO95C71iqQlNOWW-pxL69aCIAxiRFYbznf7AiY_SeYKTIe_ODwXpl6fzYnEZ7H3_oSjzFZHAbPu9ChGdZSMSNiMdUv/s320/SwedishHistoryMuseum_Runestone.jpg"/></a></div>
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A lot of information about Vikings come from carved runes and sagas that were repeated down through generations.
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Vikings originated from Scandinavia and spoke a dialect that linguists now label as "Common Scandinavian" from which modern Scandinavian is derived. By the end of the Viking Age, this "Common Scandinavian" evolved into clear dialects, notably the dialect of West Norse spoke in the Atlantic colonies and East Norse spoken in Denmark and Sweden.
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Vikings are frequently associated with the Old Norse language, but as we can see, Vikings spoke other languages as well. Old Norse came from this West Norse dialect and is also known as Old Icelandic.
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Old Norwegian also developed from West Norse.
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Old Swedish developed from East Norse.
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Even more interesting, the dialect spoken in Scotland's Orkney and Shetland Islands is called Norn, a Scandinavian derivative very similar to Old Norse. Norn survived until 1750, when English fully replaced this language.
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Toward the end of the Viking Age, a lot of languages became mixed with other languages/cultures or were replaced by other languages (such as British English). Languages in isolated locations (such as Iceland) survived longer.
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Picture References:
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Runestone - Swedish History Museum - https://www.flickr.com/photos/historiska/6915476249/in/album-72157629415384737/
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<B>References:</B>
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<BR>
"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1605986399/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1605986399&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=764e25f04cb688ba80073128602a2ed9">The Vikings</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1605986399" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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</TABLE>Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-75770952036416179412021-02-04T09:00:00.189-06:002021-02-04T09:00:01.166-06:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Iceland - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! Last week we traced Leif Eriksson's jounrey to North America. This week we'll learn how Iceland was discovered and settled by Vikings. Hope you enjoy digging in!
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-_RA3DbMPMKSN28EqFT8e20WKbkNiKleTiI0n3e1OFNizLsAGIUETjkeS7D1_eGoUu0JkLf9MlyLblNSa0UtjDAyvtFEnxiUt864y63aILWWQ6wF9tS-dytUWxWvvNcLJFonLutmuYsTL/s1456/NaddodMap.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="855" data-original-width="1456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-_RA3DbMPMKSN28EqFT8e20WKbkNiKleTiI0n3e1OFNizLsAGIUETjkeS7D1_eGoUu0JkLf9MlyLblNSa0UtjDAyvtFEnxiUt864y63aILWWQ6wF9tS-dytUWxWvvNcLJFonLutmuYsTL/s320/NaddodMap.jpg"/></a></div>
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Naddod from Norway attempted to escape his enemies by sailing to Faeroe Islands but he was blown off course and ended on Iceland. Getting off course was pretty common as sailors depended upon the sun, the stars, sea birds, and following the shoreline to navigate while utilizing the wind to push forward.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKzMPdkpAYgFK3IcmqjzcWszQD-Czk233dQsMYdZAOz-_eM5GIISm80jHWi9JT_4Q8czuSVjuAn6nu_16QZvylsW1-iVLIsh2pmVpUgd86RvM3WfD9_z7HVetCxjvz_jbARszi9YAX30pb/s1328/IcelandMap2.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="887" data-original-width="1328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKzMPdkpAYgFK3IcmqjzcWszQD-Czk233dQsMYdZAOz-_eM5GIISm80jHWi9JT_4Q8czuSVjuAn6nu_16QZvylsW1-iVLIsh2pmVpUgd86RvM3WfD9_z7HVetCxjvz_jbARszi9YAX30pb/s320/IcelandMap2.jpg"/></a></div>
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Naddod named the land "Snaeland" or "Snowland" due to all the snow on the ground and on the mountains. You can easily see this on the Google Map view of Iceland (above).
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPqBE067Tve0wkk8rCqufGCmCK0xLuh0v2-nDyzjqCRyvDLTcFL8e2rwJiIEdTTAOzO9ZFYYP-JdvZxLdauKQEY-5PRlXDbdzl4XHs5Q39J82Lg8K1Fn5xJ1SBFpr8jcjEEjS75fZ4du7B/s1269/IcelandMap.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="742" data-original-width="1269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPqBE067Tve0wkk8rCqufGCmCK0xLuh0v2-nDyzjqCRyvDLTcFL8e2rwJiIEdTTAOzO9ZFYYP-JdvZxLdauKQEY-5PRlXDbdzl4XHs5Q39J82Lg8K1Fn5xJ1SBFpr8jcjEEjS75fZ4du7B/s320/IcelandMap.jpg"/></a></div>
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Around 861 AD, Swedish explorer Gardar "The Swede" Svavarsson had sailed toward the Hebrides when his ship was blown off course and he found himself into a bay surrounded by mountains and volcanoes. Since he'd landed in late summer and knew winter came quickly in this area, he decided to settle here until Spring. He built a house which he called Husavik ("House Bay"). When Spring came, Gardar and his men sailed back to Sweden. He named the island Gardarsholm.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPDGMJTgQGYy1wib4OaodFe9jHNoP9u-3rWC84E8oVTP0O0Zm0f4mhWIGEuuvlToijdIUXOGIlY1k5lkbyueyE6DYWSZnIE7GugY3ye4-CCdqM0DNAmdhQerwndZHS67Fy34L0fOTJ-kSK/s1294/Breidafjord.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="869" data-original-width="1294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPDGMJTgQGYy1wib4OaodFe9jHNoP9u-3rWC84E8oVTP0O0Zm0f4mhWIGEuuvlToijdIUXOGIlY1k5lkbyueyE6DYWSZnIE7GugY3ye4-CCdqM0DNAmdhQerwndZHS67Fy34L0fOTJ-kSK/s320/Breidafjord.jpg"/></a></div>
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Around 867 AD, Norwegian explorer Floki Vilgerdarson set out seeking Naddod's Snaeland which he found by sending ravens out and the one which didn't return signaled land (sounds like the story of the dove in the Bible). This method gave Floki the nickname "Raven Floki". Floki settled on the far side of the bay of Breidafjord ("Wide Fjord"). They brought cattle to graze in the green pastures and they found plenty of fish in the bay. However, the winters here were too harsh. All their cattle died when snow and ice covered their grass. When Spring arrived, he hoped to make another go of his settlement but still the ice persisted so Floki headed back to Norway instead. He named the land "Island" ("Iceland").
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Between 870 AD and 930 AD, up to fifteen thousand settlers made their homes on the island. Despite the lack of extensive resources, the settlers and their livestock (cattle and sheep) survived. In the 12th century, Icelandic priest Ari Thorgilsson the Learned described the history of Iceland in his book, Íslendingabók or "The Book of Icelanders". Interstingly, Norwegian Ingolfr Arnarson and his brother Leif Arnarson are credited in this book as establishing the first permanent settlement in Iceland in 870 AD. He also contributed to book Landnámabók or "The Book of Settlements" which details the settlement of Iceland and names over 400 families who'd settled the island.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuAVSadoTuk5OFBf0u6sGsYc8yesOUJZX3dIwzkb1rbNu5_sfGbeEzEIFT2Vq2EyNTEZaBtuGJA_c3zK9mgVXMemAgHDgF08B25mt_OOfrvFZV81mth4dinuXJ4tUzTCHyopgl7Jf4Gg4e/s1185/Waterfalls.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="803" data-original-width="1185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuAVSadoTuk5OFBf0u6sGsYc8yesOUJZX3dIwzkb1rbNu5_sfGbeEzEIFT2Vq2EyNTEZaBtuGJA_c3zK9mgVXMemAgHDgF08B25mt_OOfrvFZV81mth4dinuXJ4tUzTCHyopgl7Jf4Gg4e/s320/Waterfalls.jpg"/></a></div>
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Iceland is covered with mountains and glaciers (the largest being Vatnajokull) but also to some beautiful landscapes like this waterfall. Ironically, Iceland is still growing thanks to its active volcanoes.
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There were no cities or towns. People lived in farm-family units which might support hundreds of people. A chieftain called a "godi" helped keep order. Major disputes were heard at the "Law Rock" by the assembly known as the "Althing". Around 1000, the Althing voted for Icelanders to adopt Christianity as the official religion. By the 13th century, civil wars and disputes between units ended this stable government.
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Picture References:
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Iceland and Waterfall - Maps.Google.com
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<B>References:</B>
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"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-6422234664451889372021-01-28T09:00:00.120-06:002021-01-28T09:00:02.836-06:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - L'Anse aux Meadows - #TidbitThursdayWelcome back to our weekly tidbit series. This week we're going to take a look at L'Anse aux Meadows, one of the earliest Norse settlements in North America outside Greenland.
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In 1960, a farmer named George Decker showed Helge Ingstad and his wife, Anne, an archaeologist, an interesting site on the north side of Newfoundland near L'Anse aux Meadows. In the following year, they uncovered an 11th century Viking settlement but it didn't appear to completely match the description of Leif Eriksson's Vinland.
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The L'Anse settlement consists of an iron-working forge, four workshops, a great hall complex, and three houses. Nearby Black Duck Brook provided water, the bay provided plenty of fish and the availability of timber made this a good location for a permanent settlement. The team excacated the site for seven years (1961-1968) before the Canadian park service took over the work. Over 800 artefacts have been uncovered. Interestingly, they found no barns or shelters for livestock suggesting this might not have been used like a permanent settlement but more like a stopping point.
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A nearby bog would have provided the valuable iron ore they used to make tools and goods. Sadly, the stone furnace was dismantled and tossed aside.
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The timber-framed buildings had sod walls and roofs. The largest hall (labelled "F") contained six rooms and a large kitchen with a stone oven. A lean-to was built onto the side of the hall where over 80 nail fragments were found suggesting boat repair work. Longhouse "D" would have housed twenty or so people. Hut labelled "C" was not well-built and most likely used by slaves. Longhouse "A" was the second largest and may have housed thirty-five people. The small huts were actually big enough to house up to fourteen people.
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Picture References:
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Google Street View - https://www.google.com/maps/place/L'Anse+aux+Meadows+National+Historic+Site/@51.5947972,-55.5375419,2a,75y,200h,110t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1sY1910EpsKXn-25uOT5YDtw!2e0!6s%2F%2Fgeo3.ggpht.com%2Fcbk%3Fpanoid%3DY1910EpsKXn-25uOT5YDtw%26output%3Dthumbnail%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26thumb%3D2%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D200%26pitch%3D-20%26thumbfov%3D100!7i13312!8i6656!4m7!3m6!1s0x4b83fe0a2139815d:0x5937d96089cd0f43!8m2!3d51.5964235!4d-55.5334302!14m1!1BCgIgARICCAI
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<B>References:</B>
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World Heritage Site - https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/4/
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"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-9099509009901176072021-01-21T09:00:00.001-06:002021-01-21T09:00:04.566-06:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Leif Eriksson - #TidbitThursdayThis week I'm exploring the legendary Leif Eriksson, the person and the Viking myths. Hope you enjoy!
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Leif Eriksson was born in Iceland (between 975 and 985), to Tjodhilde and Erik the Red (possibly so-named from his hot temper or his red beard). The name Eriksson is a combination of "Erik's" plus "son". Leif had a step-sister, Freydis, and two brothers, Torstein and Torvald.
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Leif went to live with a teacher, Thyrker, at age eight, to increase his education (similar to fostering in the Middle Ages). Thyrker was a German that Erik had captured and brought to Iceland. By age 12, Leif was considered an adult and left his teacher's house and returned home. Between 980 and 982, Erik the Red was accused of murder and the victim's family refused blood money payment to make admends so Erik was banished from Iceland. He set out for a land he'd heard about from Gunnbjorn Ulfsson. After some searching, he finally found a promising place to settle and he named it Greenland. He founded two settlements, Eystribyggd (Eastern Settlement) and Vestribyggd (Western Settlement). In the Eastern Settlement, Erik built an estate called Brattahlid (today's Quassussuaq/Qassiarsuk).
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhewiF2zD4mTIQFft1ZqJ-nEZKb33QNfwLB2YMY2hpXWwQRjFsYArm_fKXej188SMSjZqagHCUQhMT0PZZmRYjUJ4SIU1J80ghC-UaRvkpa_fEael-vpzurEcM3FHy4PQhlnPcIHwzD8r3O/s423/Eriksson-Statue.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="320" data-original-height="423" data-original-width="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhewiF2zD4mTIQFft1ZqJ-nEZKb33QNfwLB2YMY2hpXWwQRjFsYArm_fKXej188SMSjZqagHCUQhMT0PZZmRYjUJ4SIU1J80ghC-UaRvkpa_fEael-vpzurEcM3FHy4PQhlnPcIHwzD8r3O/s320/Eriksson-Statue.jpg"/></a></div>
<BR><BR>
When Leif reached age twenty-four, he headed to Norway to pay homage to the king. On the way, Leif and his men sailed too far south and got stuck in the Hebrides to wait out the storms. Here, he met and fell in love with a young lady, Thorgunna who later gave birth to their son (his only known son), Thorkell Leifsson. When he landed in Norway, he brought gifts to King Olaf Tryggvason. The king convinced Leif to turn away from Pagan gods. Leif was converted to Christianity circa 999 CE.
<BR><BR>
Leif returned to Greenland with a Christian priest. He later converted his mother, Tjodhilde, and she built a church in Brattahlid (the first Christian church in Greenland) and eventually converted her husband, Erik the Red. It was still common practice to adopt Christianity but to worship pagan gods (like Odin) alongside.
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Eventually, resources became scarce especially timber. After hearing stories of new lands years earlier from Bjarni Herjulfsson, Leif decided he might be able to gather resources from those lands.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl2wFsG9FkhJ_pHSusHcBoXcvm4cmU6wvtq9lZ-fwL4HG2WTyBjah-QdXX8-6t3rn4vh0t-LKAl5FDa7rZhgwNgwQnk6Ues_rEVEv582IKyLjMXQyKEhf6TIeSkMnKtRr-5pRV5VOVJzt7/s786/LeifErikssonMap.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="748" data-original-width="786" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl2wFsG9FkhJ_pHSusHcBoXcvm4cmU6wvtq9lZ-fwL4HG2WTyBjah-QdXX8-6t3rn4vh0t-LKAl5FDa7rZhgwNgwQnk6Ues_rEVEv582IKyLjMXQyKEhf6TIeSkMnKtRr-5pRV5VOVJzt7/s320/LeifErikssonMap.jpg"/></a></div>
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After year 1000 CE, Leif set out to explore. The first land he hit was barren and full of glacial ice which he named "Helluland" ("Flat Rock Land") on what is today's Baffin Island. Since the land lacked much-needed resources, he continued his journey.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieV1cAnphourv8M0icHo5HPek5g27vcwKBd9Tbq_npcVq-HLCGDA_ZzEV3u4e3n10k5aCNUAd8-RmW_yngAk7zQKM9S6Mw623ujFCbsc5QmCsUsh3FJiObkORbXRWf-Oz6BEs0akp8mAPv/s832/LeifErikssonMap2.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="320" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="786" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieV1cAnphourv8M0icHo5HPek5g27vcwKBd9Tbq_npcVq-HLCGDA_ZzEV3u4e3n10k5aCNUAd8-RmW_yngAk7zQKM9S6Mw623ujFCbsc5QmCsUsh3FJiObkORbXRWf-Oz6BEs0akp8mAPv/s320/LeifErikssonMap2.jpg"/></a></div>
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He then sojourned south and landed at a forested spot he named "Markland" ("Forest Land"). Leif and his men sailed on toward the southeast and established a camp in a green, lush place which he called "Leifsbudir" ("Leif's Camp"). They sheltered there during the winter in a longhouse. Upon exploration of the area, they found plenty of fish and wild grapes (which didn't grow in Greenland). Leif called the new settlement "Vinland" ("Vine Land" or "Wine Land"). This is the first Viking settlement in North America. By Spring, Leif and his men returned to Greenland with stacks of timber and the precious grapes. On his way home, he rescued a group that had become shipwrecked who later rewarded him with their ship's cargo. People began calling Leif, "Leif the Lucky".
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When Erik the Red passed away of illness, around 1003, Leif inherited his father's role as leader of Greenland and his estate of Brattahlid. The official title "Paramount Chief of Greenland" meant Leif had to take over as chieftain and run his estates including Vinland.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihuZzfVYLUAQ0MNI_0mdHfF8-xxve1AaZW0OW27Hta7kQOr_xwrH0Ft-SLNyQdRxduNAcMrsiylZ-Ww4o3XpGtzyXEfPtyMnk-m1keZuxwwdeI2qVB_dCMx83Lg5_krPSe6TCuZ4ThC7Wn/s2016/Chicago+LEIF+statue.JPG" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="320" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihuZzfVYLUAQ0MNI_0mdHfF8-xxve1AaZW0OW27Hta7kQOr_xwrH0Ft-SLNyQdRxduNAcMrsiylZ-Ww4o3XpGtzyXEfPtyMnk-m1keZuxwwdeI2qVB_dCMx83Lg5_krPSe6TCuZ4ThC7Wn/s320/Chicago+LEIF+statue.JPG"/></a></div>
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Picture References:
<BR>
Leif Eriksson Statue - https://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/subject/leif-eriksson/
<BR>
Leif status in Chicago - https://www.leiferikson.org/Timeline.htm
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<BR><BR>
<B>References:</B>
<BR>
<BR>
The Mariner's Museum - https://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/subject/leif-eriksson/
<BR>
"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/159845126X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=159845126X&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=f419c19fcb5bae775f5033abc3671589">Leif Eriksson: Viking Explorer of the New World (Great Explorers of the World)</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=159845126X" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-73591388009119745952021-01-14T09:00:00.100-06:002021-01-14T09:00:01.175-06:00 Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Marriage and Divorce - #TidbitThursdayThis week we'll investigate the concept of marriage and divorce in Viking society.
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Women enjoyed a freer lifestyle among Vikings than in some other societies during this time. They were almost considered equal to men. They exercised power over almost all aspects of the household, including overseeing the servants and slaves. She had to manage the production of clothing (spinning wool, weaving, stitchery, etc), the preparation of meals, cleaning, brewing, and more. They could inherit and own land and even engage in commerce and trade. Interestingly, a woman could not vote.
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One example of a woman exerting her freedoms was Aud the Deep Minded who was the widow of King Olaf the White of Dublin. She sailed to Iceland and purchased land. She then directed the cultivating and farming of that land.
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Girls married at young ages starting around 12.
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Since betrothals were often treated like business arrangements, for couples to marry, a man or his family had to pay a bride-price of cattle or gold to the girl's father. The girl's father then paid a dowry to the groom's family. The actual marriage ceremony involved several days of celebration and feasting.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDuLS7AkyJznDoCNNkF2wlgGVAqf_qH47pP6kisCyNlKug6sPdiFDINR93kbUdCMZX-uIQGpkXFPDP6hv-n_8eQCFSR7-0MTIVbdOCGcTGncBy4AsK0eUaKuCGAkYszE0YObOfWyGTThYP/s1206/800px-Frej_R%25C3%25A4llinge.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="320" data-original-height="1206" data-original-width="800" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDuLS7AkyJznDoCNNkF2wlgGVAqf_qH47pP6kisCyNlKug6sPdiFDINR93kbUdCMZX-uIQGpkXFPDP6hv-n_8eQCFSR7-0MTIVbdOCGcTGncBy4AsK0eUaKuCGAkYszE0YObOfWyGTThYP/s320/800px-Frej_R%25C3%25A4llinge.jpg"/></a></div>
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Fray or Freyr was the god of marriage, fertility and prosperity.
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Divorce was relatively simple. When a couple decided to divorce, they told some witnesses their wish to separate. She could get back her dowwry and a portion of the household goods.
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Picture References:
<BR>
Frey - By Historiska museet - http://historiska.se/upptack-historien/object/109037-statyett-statyett-av-fro-av-brons/#group-3, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=72131710
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<B>References:</B>
<BR>
<BR>
"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1846033403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1846033403&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=efd109f77dbe8b9e9760a201a07d13f8">The Vikings: Voyagers of Discovery and Plunder (General Military)</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1846033403" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0590461206/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0590461206&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=af5067bf1c637a8ebfbe4f44dcf33258">The Vikings (Journey into civilization)</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0590461206" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1435146514/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1435146514&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=5822e78e303f0b3e15bc1aace6f76557">Vikings, a Dark History</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1435146514" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0785832351/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0785832351&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=4444fd18a38c2e09446c789d7d35df36">Vikings: Warriors, Raiders, and Masters of the Sea (Oxford People)</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0785832351" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1605986399/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1605986399&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=693f20805879846d7b1a2fea79da81d3"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=1605986399&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1605986399" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1605986399/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1605986399&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=764e25f04cb688ba80073128602a2ed9">The Vikings</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1605986399" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-84236318501974478882020-11-12T15:55:00.000-06:002020-11-12T15:55:09.520-06:00 Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings in the Middle Ages - #TidbitThursdayI picked up a wonderful book titled "The Middle Ages" by M. Bishop (ISBN#0-8281-0487-5) which featured an informative section on the Vikings.
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Most people don't realize that the Middle Ages encompasses more than just castles and knights. This period of history actually covers a wide range of dates - from the 400's AD up until the 1400's AD.
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Vikings began as Germanic farmers in Scandinavia before spreading out to Iceland (9th century) and then Greenland. In 810, they made it to modern-day France. In 859, they arrived at the Mediterranean, eventually moving down to Italy.
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Their shallow-draft ships allowed them to attack along river routes and to come close to shores for quick attacks. Their reputations for ferocity terrorized the citizens into easy surrender.
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Over a course of forty years, Paris was attacked four times and burned twice.
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Drakken or "dragon ships" were sixty feet long. Their keel was made up of a single, straight tree trunk. The ribs were clinker-built whereby the piece were tied to the framework with thongs. The ship carried a single mast with a sail made from strips of a woolen cloth. A typical crew consisted of thirty-five men who lived and slept on the open, exposed top deck. Oars were only used when the wind was too weak to fill the sail. They didn't have compass or instruments to guide them so they relied on "dead reckoning" and by observing the flight path of migrating birds.
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Vikings wore ring mail and red cloaks.
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In 911, King Charles the Simple of West Francia formed a pact with the Viking Chief Rollo for peace. Rollo became Duke of the newly-created Normandy.
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In Britain, Vikings were called Danes who arrived there in 787. In 853, the Vikings set up the capital of Dublin in Ireland. Their territory in England was called Danelaw. The Danes acted as nobles and demanded tribute of silver coins in exchange for peace. This tribute was known as Danegeld.
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Search your local library for this book or you can find it on amazon:
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*This post may contain links to products from one or more of our advertisers. We may receive a small compensation for purchase of those products. Terms apply to the offers listed. For additional information of our Advertising Policy, visit <a href="https://quest4adventures.blogspot.com/p/disclosures.html">this page</a>. Thank you.Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-43653636324389376112020-10-29T09:00:00.048-05:002020-10-29T09:00:11.520-05:00 Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Society and Hierarchy - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! I hope you've been enjoying our Viking tidbits as much I enjoy researching them. This week we'll delve into the hierarchical society of Viking peoples.
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Viking society was divided by classes (similar to medieval feudalism) but it was possible for people to move up in social class.
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At the top of the hierarchy were kings and earls. Traditionally, kingship was passed down through inheritance but not always. Also, their power was bound by laws and customs. After the Viking period ended, earls became subordinate to kings. Icelandic Vikings did not have kings.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuVSP_KUUYU44aU9x6G0pYfWv7qYwrBfczwQkNObMJ2cusFDZf5V5bCW3L3gjj8DUtyfQvd0tJTx6XyAtR0ChdPMHIjhO6egBEivXeGDajj9ae-gXC9NSrzck_HkQHxRYai1Zu4sh3MgMT/s686/Cnut.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="385" data-original-width="686" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuVSP_KUUYU44aU9x6G0pYfWv7qYwrBfczwQkNObMJ2cusFDZf5V5bCW3L3gjj8DUtyfQvd0tJTx6XyAtR0ChdPMHIjhO6egBEivXeGDajj9ae-gXC9NSrzck_HkQHxRYai1Zu4sh3MgMT/s320/Cnut.jpg"/></a></div>
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Beneath the kings and earls were aristocrats and jarls (regional chiefs). They provided military strength to their kingdoms. And they leased land to the farmers (similar to feudalism).
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The karls or karlar made up the middle class which were further subdivided into well-off landowners and merchants and, further down the ladder, craftsmen and tenant farmers.
When the kingdom was at war, they joined the army to defend their leaders. There were some men who became professional fighters. Karls who became wealthy could become jarls.
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDHhVe_1ID0Gnyffmkz7ENXxxfqWNjL4tluuG2t5qfHA7DkpbsjlMxFBcEuYPFgVIv6gsQp6Zs1xoYgnLxkFUF3peN6MGF9wa74-knBIIZAILVWK7_cjZbkL-sg5Tl8r41ptA61CwVNKn7/s550/Viking_Slave_Chains.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" width="320" data-original-height="365" data-original-width="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDHhVe_1ID0Gnyffmkz7ENXxxfqWNjL4tluuG2t5qfHA7DkpbsjlMxFBcEuYPFgVIv6gsQp6Zs1xoYgnLxkFUF3peN6MGF9wa74-knBIIZAILVWK7_cjZbkL-sg5Tl8r41ptA61CwVNKn7/s320/Viking_Slave_Chains.jpg"/></a></div>
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Slaves or thraell were at the bottom of the hierarchical chain. They could not own anything and were not paid to work, but they did keep tiny portions of profit when selling goods and could eventually pay for their freedom. Vikings often took prisoners during raids and either kept them for labor purposes or sold them at slave markets. People who committed crimes or who fell into debt could also be enslaved.
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Picture References:
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Cnut - <a href="https://www.history.com/news/6-viking-leaders-you-should-know">History Channel - 6 Viking Leaders You Should Know</A>
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Slave Chains - <a href="https://www.museum.ie/en-IE/Museums/Archaeology/Visitor-Information/Top-10-Things-to-See">National Museum of Ireland - Nine unmissable objects from Clontarf 1014</A>
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<B>References:</B>
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<a href="https://www.museum.ie/en-IE/Collections-Research/Irish-Antiquities-Division-Collections/Collections-List-(1)/Viking/The-Viking-Age-in-Ireland">National Museum of Ireland</A>
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<a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/little-known-role-slavery-viking-society-180975597/">Smithsonian Magazine - The Little-Known Role of Slavery in Viking Society</A>
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"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1846033403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1846033403&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=efd109f77dbe8b9e9760a201a07d13f8">The Vikings: Voyagers of Discovery and Plunder (General Military)</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1846033403" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0590461206/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0590461206&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=af5067bf1c637a8ebfbe4f44dcf33258">The Vikings (Journey into civilization)</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0590461206" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0785832351/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0785832351&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=94fd2fadcc7266c2086ca1fbae333658"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0785832351&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0785832351" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1435146514/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1435146514&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=5822e78e303f0b3e15bc1aace6f76557">Vikings, a Dark History</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1435146514" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0785832351/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0785832351&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=4444fd18a38c2e09446c789d7d35df36">Vikings: Warriors, Raiders, and Masters of the Sea (Oxford People)</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0785832351" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1605986399/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1605986399&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=693f20805879846d7b1a2fea79da81d3"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=1605986399&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1605986399" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1605986399/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1605986399&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=764e25f04cb688ba80073128602a2ed9">The Vikings</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1605986399" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-90472096671496860992020-08-06T09:00:00.000-05:002020-08-06T09:00:08.008-05:00 Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Houses - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! This week join me as we explore Viking houses.
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Viking families settled in villages and established farms. Women and children usually tended the farms while the men were away on raids or trade voyages.
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We'll talk about villages another time, but I did want to note that not all villages during this period were identical. Some were large and consisted of many separate farm houses while others were smaller and consisted of several communal longhouses.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvPEa4-lgKHZZvWoHXYFWmf564x80opYuqshT8IVdvIJ4YcGAmoL3IM2svO6-_q_87qKbqGrwiapJPvDFN99uvi8zz98asegWW_DCrPsOYIfQWukfYE_9v0WuPeePikALnlhcFPZPBA87c/s1600/csm_Langhus_Fyrkat_Credit_Anne_Pedersen_9016c27467_9b8bd45080.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvPEa4-lgKHZZvWoHXYFWmf564x80opYuqshT8IVdvIJ4YcGAmoL3IM2svO6-_q_87qKbqGrwiapJPvDFN99uvi8zz98asegWW_DCrPsOYIfQWukfYE_9v0WuPeePikALnlhcFPZPBA87c/s320/csm_Langhus_Fyrkat_Credit_Anne_Pedersen_9016c27467_9b8bd45080.jpg" width="320" height="149" data-original-width="821" data-original-height="383" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSfSg8MPfNZkUPuD4z007lSA_Mwkk9RRLhFfWRLiHxsILxVOcHCXHAIbCw0pds_Awxp7GzAXoC32zNNWRFlrvKmSYF82X00WoJoVnMoO_L4Hp4yAH-YNG1HgCVgxC28HVjHuGskcRSe_zZ/s1600/stavehouse.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSfSg8MPfNZkUPuD4z007lSA_Mwkk9RRLhFfWRLiHxsILxVOcHCXHAIbCw0pds_Awxp7GzAXoC32zNNWRFlrvKmSYF82X00WoJoVnMoO_L4Hp4yAH-YNG1HgCVgxC28HVjHuGskcRSe_zZ/s320/stavehouse.jpg" width="320" height="203" data-original-width="496" data-original-height="314" /></a>
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Norse houses, rectangular in shape, were made of local timber or branches with thatched or turf roofs. Longhouses had timber frames with walls of wattle (woven sticks) and daub (a mud-clay mixture). Some longhouses had curved walls made of split tree trunks with angled posts to help support the roof. Stave houses were built of verticle planks (or staves).
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Here you can see the woven wattle that make up the walls of these structures. The daub/mud would be pressed against these frames to seal the cracks (kind of like mortar).
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiACoUIrN9AgrkATUONb0ixZuss6vsP7RmKp9yJ9q1l6mLlFv5czLljTfGx0wsOUAPQMk4P8x2lusk7nDPSUlL64lIUtyTizBGOfzbhkCBNOTcqh1zqz2vLeNLo_0S4wDfei9rimDtke7hb/s1600/1280px-Wattle_hurdle.JPG" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiACoUIrN9AgrkATUONb0ixZuss6vsP7RmKp9yJ9q1l6mLlFv5czLljTfGx0wsOUAPQMk4P8x2lusk7nDPSUlL64lIUtyTizBGOfzbhkCBNOTcqh1zqz2vLeNLo_0S4wDfei9rimDtke7hb/s320/1280px-Wattle_hurdle.JPG" width="320" height="213" data-original-width="1280" data-original-height="853" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqM398Ck9q2IoZlLWH5NkA0Fj5NGBSF-TBwKhbw_AKhB1UZdcfOie615uWVBakpHPyHw-Wsk7s1SAnJ_0htGG3oN9IeK87fAB793xNkBiFM3Pz0zfvzAFkIPGv1MP6DPGiohJA_07j53WB/s1600/rokeriet.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqM398Ck9q2IoZlLWH5NkA0Fj5NGBSF-TBwKhbw_AKhB1UZdcfOie615uWVBakpHPyHw-Wsk7s1SAnJ_0htGG3oN9IeK87fAB793xNkBiFM3Pz0zfvzAFkIPGv1MP6DPGiohJA_07j53WB/s320/rokeriet.jpg" width="320" height="187" data-original-width="496" data-original-height="290" /></a>
<BR><BR>
In locations where wood was scarce, stone would have been used for the walls.
<BR><BR>
Longhouses were typically 39 to 49 feet long but some more communal ones measured up to 164 feet long and all seemed to be less than 16 feet wide.
<BR><BR>
The earlier homes would shelter both goods and animals as well as the extended families. Eventually, Vikings made use of outer buildings to shelter livestock or to store crops. Around 200 BC, fences were being used to contain their animals as well as mark their property.
<BR><BR>
Homes lacked many windows or had none at all and the family members relied on a central hearth for light as well as heat and cooking. Above the fire a smokehole was cut out to allow smoke to escape outside. During the day, the door would be left open to allow in additional light.
<BR><BR>
Furnishings were sparse as well. Long benches lined the walls for sitting or sleeping. Actual beds were rare and usually reserved for the wealthy. There may have been a special chair for the man of the house. Tables were uncommon but trestle-like tables that could fold up for storage may have been used. Wooden chests doubled as seats. Living areas may have been separated by skins rather than walls. Weapons, shields, or even cloth were hung on the walls.
<BR><BR>
Picture References:
<BR>
Wattle and Daub - <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wattle_and_daub#/media/File:Wattle_hurdle.JPG">Wikipedia</A>
<BR>
Wattle Building - <a href="https://www.fotevikensmuseum.se/d/en/museet/husen">Fotevikens Museum</A>
<BR>
Curved longhouse - <a href="https://en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/denmark/prehistoric-period-until-1050-ad/the-viking-age/the-people/viking-homes/">National Museum of Denmark</A>
<BR>
Stave House - <a href="https://www.fotevikensmuseum.se/d/en/museet/husen">Fotevikens Museum</A>
<BR>
<BR><BR>
<B>References:</B>
<BR>
<a href="https://en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/denmark/prehistoric-period-until-1050-ad/the-viking-age/the-people/viking-homes/">National Museum of Denmark</A>
<BR>
<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidnikel/2019/02/26/retracing-ragnar-scandinavias-top-viking-sites/#35101d2ee65b">Forbes Magazine - Retracing Ragnar: Scandinavia's Top Viking Sites</A>
<BR>
<a href="https://www.visitdenmark.com/denmark/things-do/history-and-culture/top-viking-sites">Visit Denmark</A>
<BR>
<a href="https://www.visitnorway.com/things-to-do/art-culture/vikings/top-sites/">Visit Norway</A>
<BR>
<a href="https://www.fotevikensmuseum.se/d/en/museet/husen">Fotevikens Museum</A>
<BR>
<A href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wattle_and_daub">Wikipedia - Wattle and Daub</A>
<BR>
"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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<Table Cellspacing=0 cellborder =0 cellpadding =0>
<TR>
<TD>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1846033403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1846033403&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=82fc04354e9de101db6ec53e0d499b4d"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=1846033403&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1846033403" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
</TD>
<TD>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0590461206/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0590461206&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=955a2b738725fae940b60b0b37ee19b6"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0590461206&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0590461206" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1846033403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1846033403&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=efd109f77dbe8b9e9760a201a07d13f8">The Vikings: Voyagers of Discovery and Plunder (General Military)</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1846033403" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
</TD>
<TD>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0590461206/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0590461206&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=af5067bf1c637a8ebfbe4f44dcf33258">The Vikings (Journey into civilization)</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0590461206" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1435146514/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1435146514&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=4ccfb23bd45dedad8ab3889b82c0aa10"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=1435146514&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1435146514" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
</TD>
<TD>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0785832351/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0785832351&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=94fd2fadcc7266c2086ca1fbae333658"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=0785832351&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0785832351" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1435146514/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1435146514&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=5822e78e303f0b3e15bc1aace6f76557">Vikings, a Dark History</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1435146514" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
</TD>
<TD>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0785832351/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0785832351&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=4444fd18a38c2e09446c789d7d35df36">Vikings: Warriors, Raiders, and Masters of the Sea (Oxford People)</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=0785832351" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
</tD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1605986399/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1605986399&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=693f20805879846d7b1a2fea79da81d3"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=1605986399&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1605986399" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
</TD>
<TD>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1605986399/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1605986399&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=764e25f04cb688ba80073128602a2ed9">The Vikings</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=1605986399" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-31527884484460913102020-07-09T11:04:00.000-05:002020-07-09T11:04:33.877-05:00Video Review - History Channel - Ancient Aliens - The Viking Gods - #TidbitThursdaySometimes while researching, I stumble upon resources that are controversial and this is no exception. "Ancient Aliens" is a show on the History Channel that has a lot of followers as well as a lot of naysayers. Many people believe aliens and extraterrestrials are real (check out the ever-popular alien hub Roswell, NM). As a writer and researcher, I keep an open mind and for this particular show, I was more interested in the bits about Vikings than the bits about aliens.
<BR><BR>
Ancient Aliens - The Viking Gods
<BR><BR>
Season 5 - Episode 11
<BR><BR>
<B>Description:</B>
<BR><BR>
From the History Channel website: "They were teachers and destroyers. Mighty warriors who blazed across the skies in gleaming chariots and wielded magical weapons that could bring down mountains. Odin, Frey and Thor. The gods worshipped by the Norse Vikings were fearsome and mysterious, but were these beings truly divine, or is there, perhaps, an extraterrestrial connection? The Norse were among the most technologically advanced cultures of the ancient world. They were epic explorers who embarked on oceanic voyages to Africa and the Middle East and even reached North America at least 500 years before Christopher Columbus. Were the Norse guided by powerful gods, or could the super-beings that guided the Vikings have actually been visitors from another planet?"
<BR><BR>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIsMm_yEU-Hv3mnmc7iQ5NmkOOgBB-aja9PLqLL8UiJEP80ya_-jFFaPKbB44b4jrs8Eer8R94JxKXtOREiMr9B45XAfSkQiz06oH03nXB4F5Q_BzJTGvMHoa2jx90dNIvGJ1dNIJ2mpZQ/s1600/History_Ancient-Aliens_506_The-Viking-Gods_LF_HD.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIsMm_yEU-Hv3mnmc7iQ5NmkOOgBB-aja9PLqLL8UiJEP80ya_-jFFaPKbB44b4jrs8Eer8R94JxKXtOREiMr9B45XAfSkQiz06oH03nXB4F5Q_BzJTGvMHoa2jx90dNIvGJ1dNIJ2mpZQ/s320/History_Ancient-Aliens_506_The-Viking-Gods_LF_HD.jpg" width="320" height="180" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="900" /></a>
<BR><BR>
<B>Highlights:</B>
<BR>
The Viking Era flourished between the late 8th century and the 11th century with efforts to establish trade routes.
<BR>
These explorers built ships as well as bridges and circular fortresses.
<BR>
Like pirates, Vikings formed an assembly like democracy where the power was held by the people and not one person and they could argue over issues.
<BR>
They sailed long distances hundreds of years before other European countries heading over the rivers in Russia to seas such as the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.
<BR>
Newfoundland was established by Norse 500 years before Columbus.
<BR>
Their ships were built lightweight, strong, flexible and were well-balanced enabling them to sail through shallows as well as deep oceans.
<BR>
During this time period, most people did not venture far from their birthplace, but the Vikings seemed to be born explorers traveling across oceans.
<BR>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-CRHD58jp2cBwI7OGhs-TNApgFCWWZBYA5NufW6pTN6WSitIMGTCvGsV3vgxLLvKd5TH3LEFl8l5LdCPL_NhD_VQonzloDfbPZuqKIiwUj1AvCCc9CCe88HlbfHwzJivOPuZheTuutpey/s1600/Viking_Gods.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-CRHD58jp2cBwI7OGhs-TNApgFCWWZBYA5NufW6pTN6WSitIMGTCvGsV3vgxLLvKd5TH3LEFl8l5LdCPL_NhD_VQonzloDfbPZuqKIiwUj1AvCCc9CCe88HlbfHwzJivOPuZheTuutpey/s320/Viking_Gods.jpg" width="217" height="320" data-original-width="182" data-original-height="268" /></a>
<BR>
"The Eddas" or Icelandic books (written after the Viking Age) mention the Viking Gods - Odin, Frey (or Freyr), and Thor.
<BR>
Frey/Freyr is the god of fertility and prosperity. He negotiates for peace and also controls the weather.
<BR>
Odin was the chief of gods. He had one eye because he gave up the other to drink the Water of Truth. He sent out two ravens, Huginn ("thought") and Muninn ("memory"), every day to observe or spy.
<BR>
Thor was the god of thunder and lightning. He rode a cart pulled by goats. Known as the protector against giants, he wore a powerful belt called Menginjoro to give him strength. Thor's infamous hammer was made by dwarves and is very accurate and powerful (can crush mountains).
<BR>
Asgard was the peaceful and beautiful land where Odin and Thor lived. Midgard (or Middle Earth) was where the humans lived. Bifrost is the rainbow bridge that connects Asgard to Midgard.
<BR>
Gamla Uppsala, Sweden - the oldest, continuously inhabited Viking site in Scandinavia had a temple to worship Odin, Thor and Freyr.
<BR>
The "Boksta Runestone" in Balingsta, Sweden depicts Odin with the Gungnir spear riding on horseback.
<BR>
Valhalla (Odin's Hall) known as "The Hall of the Slain" is where warriors go when they die (like going to heaven). They have a great feast of meat and pork in the large hall filled with long tables and fires.
<BR><BR>
Picture References:
<BR>
Viking God - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2831124/
<BR>
Ancient Aliens Cover - https://www.history.com/shows/ancient-aliens/season-5/episode-11
<BR><BR>
Read more about this episode <a href="https://www.history.com/shows/ancient-aliens/season-5/episode-11">here</A>.
<BR><BR>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00NF6P80I/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B00NF6P80I&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=9f0e3cc393b75cf33bf7afde4e1f21af"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B00NF6P80I&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B00NF6P80I" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
<BR>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00NF6P80I/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B00NF6P80I&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=e6c087fb8f2a10ce8a39f99e3f407a06">Ancient Aliens: The Complete Seasons 1-6 [DVD]</a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B00NF6P80I" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
<BR>Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-80150169200179150762020-06-25T09:00:00.000-05:002020-06-25T09:00:10.405-05:00Video Review - History Channel - Forged In Fire - Viking Sword - #TidbitThursdayResearching Vikings and the Viking Era has led me to several interesting videos. One of these is from the popular History Channel series, Forged in Fire, which is a competitive show that focuses on the art of blacksmithing swords with various challenges.
<BR><BR>
Forged in Fire - Viking Sword
<BR><BR>
Season 2 - Episode 5
<BR><BR>
<B>Description:</B>
<BR><BR>
This particular episode the contestants must recreate Viking swords with materials from a car within a limited time frame.
<BR><BR>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE94Mbwvv6ml9AKR3pqeInwKGCFHLxRrqKcIgbG5Am1oivNcQI7kTmgMybgSvSGXXlsP0nd6Mi2ITBe4Ic8CzME7L62QSyDxtcm58kcsMbQDmVntfBFD9jiDPAW2IiiaF_mFQo0QOWOlDI/s1600/Contestants.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE94Mbwvv6ml9AKR3pqeInwKGCFHLxRrqKcIgbG5Am1oivNcQI7kTmgMybgSvSGXXlsP0nd6Mi2ITBe4Ic8CzME7L62QSyDxtcm58kcsMbQDmVntfBFD9jiDPAW2IiiaF_mFQo0QOWOlDI/s320/Contestants.jpg" width="320" height="180" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="900" /></a>
<BR><BR>
<B>Highlights:</B>
<BR>
The Blade of the sword is about 9 to 11 inches long. The total length with the tang is about 22 inches long.
<BR>
The sword features a <B>recurve blade</B>, ideal for slicing.
<BR>
During the Viking Age (8th - 11th centuries), their swords were typically double-edged and fuller along the blade's length to add strength and flexibility.
<BR>
A hilt and pummel added balance.
<BR>
A <b>fuller</b> (a rounded groove or slot) was added to the blade to make it lighter weight and, interestingly, to give it more strength.
<BR>
Uneven heat during the forging will warp a blade when it's quenched (dunked in the water).
<BR>
Delamination occurs when two metal layers which were welded together during the process begin to separate.
<BR>
The Viking sword was meant to be a single-handed weapon (freeing the other hand to carry a shield).
<BR><BR>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEqzo1IC0-2gHwE27LnrKhcHrMBozqwf3wy1sxPOf0M-z5YcevMaCjJdjr6GKePLxSOmorVXpqOS0iKUEN5OALiPnnve5cpAhUlNFv5rHWaM9M7eF1AzK6-VM3YMoD6U0hHyQDkg0vowHa/s1600/VikingSwordWinner.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEqzo1IC0-2gHwE27LnrKhcHrMBozqwf3wy1sxPOf0M-z5YcevMaCjJdjr6GKePLxSOmorVXpqOS0iKUEN5OALiPnnve5cpAhUlNFv5rHWaM9M7eF1AzK6-VM3YMoD6U0hHyQDkg0vowHa/s320/VikingSwordWinner.jpg" width="320" height="213" data-original-width="768" data-original-height="512" /></a>
<BR><BR>
See info on the series here - <a href="https://www.travelchannel.com/shows/legendary-locations/episodes/about-time">TravelChannel.com</A>
<BR><BR>
Watch the Episode online: <a href="https://www.history.com/shows/forged-in-fire/season-2/episode-5">Viking Sword</A>
<BR>Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-86327309724889408682020-06-18T09:00:00.000-05:002020-08-04T10:45:20.702-05:00 Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Jewelry - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! This week join me as we begin exploring the jewelry that was crafted during the Viking times.
<BR><BR>
During the Viking Age, metal smiths were highly revered and their skills made them wealthy. Jewelry was a form of wealth and could be used in trade exchanges.
<BR><BR>
Jewelry was made from various materials including gold, silver, wood, leather, glass, ceramics or stone.
<BR><BR>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlQn2ZlzypV6e5lkyxqbVymOe3y0vrKWHjrdu27zXYTF2t6mHhgqbeZej9aK_-C2PJGo1e-W7bdCFUkrfoKYkrmig1lBChX29v1dMEiiOA7xLT-_5YsKixBglxYxtHN1tuSuhrJ06LtiRw/s1600/BritishMusem-Beads.png" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlQn2ZlzypV6e5lkyxqbVymOe3y0vrKWHjrdu27zXYTF2t6mHhgqbeZej9aK_-C2PJGo1e-W7bdCFUkrfoKYkrmig1lBChX29v1dMEiiOA7xLT-_5YsKixBglxYxtHN1tuSuhrJ06LtiRw/s320/BritishMusem-Beads.png" width="320" height="197" data-original-width="1250" data-original-height="769" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC5SiHaVH_MrZhb6Fv93XWu_p6y3ZIPOcroH_cFwnnjcQuWB6K1VUGVDyKv5BpkJUkM6u_7jy5SKgOF-VdM_9Fm8anEeamlCJdVuXEKOVK0eogF7etpU0HIGu2sz9JBaZH9tXFYeHf194R/s1600/BritishMuseum-MoreBeads.png" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC5SiHaVH_MrZhb6Fv93XWu_p6y3ZIPOcroH_cFwnnjcQuWB6K1VUGVDyKv5BpkJUkM6u_7jy5SKgOF-VdM_9Fm8anEeamlCJdVuXEKOVK0eogF7etpU0HIGu2sz9JBaZH9tXFYeHf194R/s320/BritishMuseum-MoreBeads.png" width="320" height="197" data-original-width="1250" data-original-height="769" /></a>
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Beads were made from amber, glass, crystal or other material. The first example, we have glass and amber beads from 11th-12th century. The second example features pretty glass beads from about 7th century.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTr6cYHNCupHBf9W2z7nCpa38Iz1X_u5WoZV60pp1OFXVgXRNVD_EmwIkpLpe6q6hf5EPxhyphenhyphenQFoiqAXnzYQ-HmgMscJT-5ZMRq_MYwgJQY2RM5Fi32p8fLBIcx97S1SqUhhj3MeFknN0St/s1600/BritishMuseum-AnimalHeadBrooch.png" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTr6cYHNCupHBf9W2z7nCpa38Iz1X_u5WoZV60pp1OFXVgXRNVD_EmwIkpLpe6q6hf5EPxhyphenhyphenQFoiqAXnzYQ-HmgMscJT-5ZMRq_MYwgJQY2RM5Fi32p8fLBIcx97S1SqUhhj3MeFknN0St/s320/BritishMuseum-AnimalHeadBrooch.png" width="320" height="197" data-original-width="1250" data-original-height="769" /></a>
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One popular piece of jewelry found at most archaeological sites is the brooch (used for both functional purposes and decorative purposes). They range from plain designs to very ornately carved. Many feature animal designs. In this example from The British Museum, the pitted copper alloy brooch features a small animal head, which is a common theme throughout Viking art.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq3Dc41h6VXtD0XmMi_PZvcNRUXk8-1tsnTWQU0lA9HTgmVXNugsX97SKgti-4V63C198Dg0TLtu-uIjVmEuSMSlmdGLgmStPzNa78mejyFWMhUsZBcYYorNPOjy0Cqm3a89nX87Tmko4T/s1600/csm_TOEJOGMODE-credit-natmus-NMID-161_c307136301_1804d6f6ec.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq3Dc41h6VXtD0XmMi_PZvcNRUXk8-1tsnTWQU0lA9HTgmVXNugsX97SKgti-4V63C198Dg0TLtu-uIjVmEuSMSlmdGLgmStPzNa78mejyFWMhUsZBcYYorNPOjy0Cqm3a89nX87Tmko4T/s320/csm_TOEJOGMODE-credit-natmus-NMID-161_c307136301_1804d6f6ec.jpg" width="249" height="320" data-original-width="400" data-original-height="515" /></a>
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Women usuallly wore decorative brooches on each shoulder. This set from the National Museum of Denmark shows one set which was connected by a string of amber beads.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkoh5sbXc42jjjMI-gBNmpgKGAsgBTLUaCv9pEHPaUSQAWxnn6xWdiqTVUnI13cVDs14UsB0twZ0baj-s6-FA_Tqdu8YmmBv5RV-f4oiOTf4wK_nLDsd-octSbUsbI6OKesNxAA57ywi9y/s1600/NationalMuseumofDenmark.png" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkoh5sbXc42jjjMI-gBNmpgKGAsgBTLUaCv9pEHPaUSQAWxnn6xWdiqTVUnI13cVDs14UsB0twZ0baj-s6-FA_Tqdu8YmmBv5RV-f4oiOTf4wK_nLDsd-octSbUsbI6OKesNxAA57ywi9y/s320/NationalMuseumofDenmark.png" width="320" height="302" data-original-width="525" data-original-height="495" /></a>
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Both men and women wore neck rings (similar in style to the arm-ring). The Walters Art Museum has an excellent example of a silver twisted neck ring. Typically they were open at the back (like the arm-ring) but this one features a clasp.
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As mentioned last week, jewelry was often given as a gift or in exchange for loyalty.
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Picture References:
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Gold Neck ring - <a href="https://en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/denmark/prehistoric-period-until-1050-ad/the-viking-age/the-silver-hoards-of-the-vikings/the-gold-hoards-of-the-vikings/">National Museum of Denmark</A>
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Dress brooch - <a href="https://en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/denmark/prehistoric-period-until-1050-ad/the-viking-age/the-people/clothes-and-jewellery/">National Museum of Denmark</A>
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Animal Head Brooch - <a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1921-1101-109">The British Museum</A>
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Amber Beads - <a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1921-1101-53">The British Museum</A>
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Glass Beads - <a herf="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1900-0518-6">The British Museum</A>
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Neck Ring - <a href="https://art.thewalters.org/detail/2826/neck-ring/">The Walters Art Museum</A>
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<B>References:</B>
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The Field Museum - <a href="https://www.fieldmuseum.org/discover/on-exhibit/vikings/">Vikings</A>
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British Museum - <a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/search?keyword=viking">Viking Collection</A>
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Viking-Era Ring Unearthed in Northern Ireland - <a href="https://www.history.com/news/viking-era-ring-unearthed-in-northern-ireland">History.com</A>.
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"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-27931167804263788132020-06-11T09:00:00.000-05:002020-06-11T12:26:04.693-05:00 Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Jewelry - Arm Rings - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! This week join me as we begin exploring the jewelery that was crafted during the Viking times starting with the arm-rings.
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Arm-bands or arm-rings were circular bands, usually open, worn around the arm by both men and women.
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Opinions differ on the actual technique used by Vikings to make these bands. One theory suggested they twisted one or more rods of gold or silver into a circle. One theory suggested they were cast as a single piece. In any case, the twists could be any combination of plain or decorative and they varied in thickness and widths.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP_9ypxV9aRKLhxos0J8mYUt0PJwvOsIs6MqWp-pIKMM-LcKpwdx81Yu0PvQoc2SBBHahPhis2pZnaFVKdWdC2r1n0CzlhOeXgAnZ3xdEMKZe97tdscT8Ogb3jmHKIh_p0wFZf_DyHR6J9/s1600/WaltersArtMuseum.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP_9ypxV9aRKLhxos0J8mYUt0PJwvOsIs6MqWp-pIKMM-LcKpwdx81Yu0PvQoc2SBBHahPhis2pZnaFVKdWdC2r1n0CzlhOeXgAnZ3xdEMKZe97tdscT8Ogb3jmHKIh_p0wFZf_DyHR6J9/s320/WaltersArtMuseum.jpg" width="320" height="302" data-original-width="575" data-original-height="543" /></a>
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This one from the Walters Art Museum has a nice twisted-rod pattern ending in two animal heads.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLM8GElEppMTdAoj4vrDiEPdtrl7gUttm3n6CI0EnWli0GAaQOA3SI1IjFiXkn-EPWLT-j31lKJvfWRf7n_VKxpn7055QKXzDWVZ63W_lgkoYyy0RMe5Nkqp1KrLboIM0UXLMW5IZ92imQ/s1600/BritishMuseum.png" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLM8GElEppMTdAoj4vrDiEPdtrl7gUttm3n6CI0EnWli0GAaQOA3SI1IjFiXkn-EPWLT-j31lKJvfWRf7n_VKxpn7055QKXzDWVZ63W_lgkoYyy0RMe5Nkqp1KrLboIM0UXLMW5IZ92imQ/s320/BritishMuseum.png" width="320" height="197" data-original-width="1250" data-original-height="769" /></a>
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This example at the British Museum is a thick piece of silver with punched designs.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG2MADz7F3RlmPYkCnh8RY78LNObWYkIxNeV_od-GM5rCYjmGzIOQxdNPn3j18ddQxQw8nZsv-uBK53pB9oO38AJS6fm1ob5ydkhhqgXmzIlsHUo6h82rBKZHFAYx2LeS8iznyKT2Ialp4/s1600/YorkMuseum.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG2MADz7F3RlmPYkCnh8RY78LNObWYkIxNeV_od-GM5rCYjmGzIOQxdNPn3j18ddQxQw8nZsv-uBK53pB9oO38AJS6fm1ob5ydkhhqgXmzIlsHUo6h82rBKZHFAYx2LeS8iznyKT2Ialp4/s320/YorkMuseum.jpg" width="320" height="320" data-original-width="1200" data-original-height="1200" /></a>
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And another example from the Yorkshire Museum of a thick band of gold stamped with designs.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_dZqr8NjFfMFHR7U7Vyit6vyEvLgQ0miJvknHJ34NGlfWFDRWTFz0L0wsm2OvAGhu2TlcrqVs5GcqFKoUJ_QeGOcvPWeMloAvTJoQUyB8J8cqmjcNlCqkHJp1tib4BPt3ee3n-cPswAOM/s1600/BBC.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_dZqr8NjFfMFHR7U7Vyit6vyEvLgQ0miJvknHJ34NGlfWFDRWTFz0L0wsm2OvAGhu2TlcrqVs5GcqFKoUJ_QeGOcvPWeMloAvTJoQUyB8J8cqmjcNlCqkHJp1tib4BPt3ee3n-cPswAOM/s320/BBC.jpg" width="320" height="179" data-original-width="620" data-original-height="346" /></a>
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Here we see a piece from the BBC's "A History of the World" that is stretched out.
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Typical arm rings include a carving at the ends of an animal or mystical creature (such as a dragon).
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Considered a sign of wealth and prestige, a person would proudly wear many rings on their arms or would gift a ring to someone of importance or who performed a great deed. They might be offered in exchange for allegiance. A chieftain or "Godi" would wear a silver ring when performing duties such as settling trade agreements.
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Arm-rings have also been found in burial sites possibly suggesting they belonged to the owner or they were specially made for the burial.
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Arm rings were also used as collateral for trading goods and were known as ring-money. At some point, most were of a uniform weight to allow for easy exchanges.
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Picture References:
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Gold Arm Ring - <a href="https://art.thewalters.org/detail/28543/arm-ring-2/">The Walters Art Museum</A>
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Silver Ring - <a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_OA-10303">The British Museum</a>
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Stretched Ring - <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/K1RjEK2NRYGHP55guENL6w">BBC - A History of the World</A>
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Gold Hammered Ring - <a href="https://www.yorkshiremuseum.org.uk/exhibition/beyond-jorvik-the-vale-of-york-hoard-and-the-viking-world">Yorkshire Museum</a>
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<B>References:</B>
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Nice page full of arm band pictures - <a href="http://collections.lancsmuseums.gov.uk/narratives/narrative.php?irn=593">Lancashire Museums</A>
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Viking-Era Ring Unearthed in Northern Ireland - <a href="https://www.history.com/news/viking-era-ring-unearthed-in-northern-ireland">History.com</A>.
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"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-64757334380317076992020-06-04T09:00:00.000-05:002020-06-04T09:00:07.951-05:00 Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Food and Diet - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! This week join me as we explore the typical Viking diet.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKnXZkbLl0BZ1UPNxseMvduyx3i8Ooe_EJHdTKaNLs7dcXcCO6pVAt4TluO-Zk2b3dcMKGgoU3qkZP9MnGfnped1cl1J2zIughvZzbKtOP7p5l86IsO7PMSR5DgGu4txMvbmCJ_1DgIbzc/s1600/205768FjallCattle.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKnXZkbLl0BZ1UPNxseMvduyx3i8Ooe_EJHdTKaNLs7dcXcCO6pVAt4TluO-Zk2b3dcMKGgoU3qkZP9MnGfnped1cl1J2zIughvZzbKtOP7p5l86IsO7PMSR5DgGu4txMvbmCJ_1DgIbzc/s320/205768FjallCattle.jpg" width="320" height="160" data-original-width="640" data-original-height="320" /></a>
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Farmers raised beef and milk cows. A farmstead with a lot of cattle was considered wealthy and, interestingly, the word fe' means both cattle and money showing how closely they were linked. The cattle breeds were a bit hardier so they could endure the cold winters. This breed shown, the Fjall, was a hornless all-white cow used for both meat and milk.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX96D4E3UpA_7qnrNmg4tqxZ6DYrj0Hg7a9Xy310FZvokVNTEUEYC6aoOD-3lGIdBJtJAKX7h0qhMi7ERquZNO30ta64xHC0fXZjndUXd31lwOYuw-XmGkTwX5zRX0ZnahZfNVRyyD7kV5/s1600/800px-Old_Norwegian_Sheep_at_Prest%25C3%25B8ya%252C_Br%25C3%25B8nn%25C3%25B8y%252C_Norway.JPG" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX96D4E3UpA_7qnrNmg4tqxZ6DYrj0Hg7a9Xy310FZvokVNTEUEYC6aoOD-3lGIdBJtJAKX7h0qhMi7ERquZNO30ta64xHC0fXZjndUXd31lwOYuw-XmGkTwX5zRX0ZnahZfNVRyyD7kV5/s320/800px-Old_Norwegian_Sheep_at_Prest%25C3%25B8ya%252C_Br%25C3%25B8nn%25C3%25B8y%252C_Norway.JPG" width="213" height="320" data-original-width="800" data-original-height="1200" /></a>
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Farmers raised goats for meat and milk, pigs for meat, and sheep for wool, meat and milk. These sheep had thick coats that shed naturally. They might hunt bears, red deer or elk.
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Fish, such as herring or salmon, was a common source of food and could be preseved by air drying, pickling, salting or smoking over a fire pit.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsST7HHqISJaGzid1BaStMUIQGOh8m8SYfo0V3ZLcq1PdX8X13DFsSzDTC84h11CQIA4CY6t0rhGYriLX1BnEaKFWGoLZFPZYDjs-JNg3AFNl_1JTlsfmNTqa1ouFn6hJ2TiRKXinx85ma/s1600/Feast.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsST7HHqISJaGzid1BaStMUIQGOh8m8SYfo0V3ZLcq1PdX8X13DFsSzDTC84h11CQIA4CY6t0rhGYriLX1BnEaKFWGoLZFPZYDjs-JNg3AFNl_1JTlsfmNTqa1ouFn6hJ2TiRKXinx85ma/s320/Feast.jpg" width="269" height="320" data-original-width="196" data-original-height="233" /></a>
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Food was typically boiled in a cauldron and Vikings made a stew called skause which might contain any number of ingredients tossed in. Stew would be eaten with bread (which was unleavened) made from whatever grew nearby (rye, barley, oats, or even peas).
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Other crops the farmers raised included corn, peas, beans, cabbages, apples, berries, hazelnuts and walnuts.
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Honey was used as a sweetener. They also extracted salt from the salt water. Spices could be found locally or through trade.
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Picture References:
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Fjall Cattle - http://www.livestockoftheworld.com/cattle/Breeds.asp?BreedLookupID=1036&SpeciesID=8&Screenwidth=479<BR>
Sheep - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22051619<BR>
Feast - http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/vikings/food_01.shtml
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<B>References:</B>
<BR>
History.com - https://www.history.com/news/the-surprisingly-sufficient-viking-diet
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Viking Food - http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/vikings/food_01.shtml
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"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-42991430358970708832020-05-28T09:00:00.000-05:002020-05-28T09:00:05.818-05:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Runes and Rune Stones - #TidbitThursdayHowdy! This week I'm delving into those fascinating markings the Vikings left behind - Runes.
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During this time period, most histories were passed along orally from one generation to the next.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP0_ObVQbV5Qrwtk5FtEEr8aIzVltdwTo4Ujl6gfJRCFtLbQ8KEyfOM803gmr1SZ5sNYV2LW5-oZMkQ9X4Zs9aTP7mYyfEtTxNZkxCJZ4aoT59VGd_svgs1AZwUExR88N4NtIYROVkqJe7/s1600/Futhark.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP0_ObVQbV5Qrwtk5FtEEr8aIzVltdwTo4Ujl6gfJRCFtLbQ8KEyfOM803gmr1SZ5sNYV2LW5-oZMkQ9X4Zs9aTP7mYyfEtTxNZkxCJZ4aoT59VGd_svgs1AZwUExR88N4NtIYROVkqJe7/s320/Futhark.jpg" width="320" height="83" data-original-width="650" data-original-height="168" /></a>
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Futhark or the Runic alphabet was developed over 2000 years ago. It was originally made up of 24 characters. The characters were straight and could be carved into stone or wood.
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Short messages could be carved into rune-sticks and passed along.
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Most Vikings were literate and could read and write runes but only a select few became poets or Lawspeakers.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCzk1qT1E9HxzIo6aKBQ9C__vBozK8Z5Ck4H-WJzSNF23uG6PcQtLXodONrlqIr4crmpGcGl3p9Gu7-Ag48RXk1HfqDlK4Mja6SUOAY9rRuWBKZeNl3EFxkAn58bIhuibMnIRuBBmRqX8U/s1600/JellingStone2.png" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCzk1qT1E9HxzIo6aKBQ9C__vBozK8Z5Ck4H-WJzSNF23uG6PcQtLXodONrlqIr4crmpGcGl3p9Gu7-Ag48RXk1HfqDlK4Mja6SUOAY9rRuWBKZeNl3EFxkAn58bIhuibMnIRuBBmRqX8U/s320/JellingStone2.png" width="320" height="304" data-original-width="426" data-original-height="405" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju4QUZJC2C9I6zhRji_e-zYzLCIWPTEwaAyhpi-s4ZtCvJZtVHpLbL3C2_2UKkwnJaqud_ti8exn-J-cg9txmYdZtrwjFui-MNYarXsr21UIKFJpIlEapHwnBSbVZE2DWHoCVexAOR-IgQ/s1600/JelllingStone.png" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju4QUZJC2C9I6zhRji_e-zYzLCIWPTEwaAyhpi-s4ZtCvJZtVHpLbL3C2_2UKkwnJaqud_ti8exn-J-cg9txmYdZtrwjFui-MNYarXsr21UIKFJpIlEapHwnBSbVZE2DWHoCVexAOR-IgQ/s320/JelllingStone.png" width="295" height="320" data-original-width="367" data-original-height="398" /></a>
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Rune stones often depicted major events or to honor the memory of an exhalted warrior or deceased family member. This one in Jelling (dating around 965) commemorated the conquest of Denmark and Norway by Harald Bluetooth and the adoption of Christianity in Denmark. This image of Christ is the oldest from Denmark.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH2q8ecddyiEfYGdrkvTpJUgvK2u3khN9DwAw3VnQKvk4T2R3lg_ZCzYon_dcpfvOPXiHNrRMFC19xuoCtxpg_wiHpkcBabv3MPj0jeS7YNAQ5v8eLYoVvpIN4HeSly80xUU7Dd6dygTiB/s1600/u379-600x765.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH2q8ecddyiEfYGdrkvTpJUgvK2u3khN9DwAw3VnQKvk4T2R3lg_ZCzYon_dcpfvOPXiHNrRMFC19xuoCtxpg_wiHpkcBabv3MPj0jeS7YNAQ5v8eLYoVvpIN4HeSly80xUU7Dd6dygTiB/s320/u379-600x765.jpg" width="251" height="320" data-original-width="600" data-original-height="765" /></a>
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This example from Prastgatan in Sweden of a stone containing Christian symbology.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc453v7zoqy_Wurm4Z-BVlqo1_rE3EGJu0YF3qNHwUDpK8J0nMomcUCGat-XsX5WA6Om9LYqzfQ5PlZ_TN0WSdzC8rTHsR0mFPFSaAAKoqgsvTxAw3J07cZGEg05RxqBLmjShcMencd73y/s1600/800px-U_240%252C_Lingsberg.JPG" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc453v7zoqy_Wurm4Z-BVlqo1_rE3EGJu0YF3qNHwUDpK8J0nMomcUCGat-XsX5WA6Om9LYqzfQ5PlZ_TN0WSdzC8rTHsR0mFPFSaAAKoqgsvTxAw3J07cZGEg05RxqBLmjShcMencd73y/s320/800px-U_240%252C_Lingsberg.JPG" width="240" height="320" data-original-width="800" data-original-height="1067" /></a>
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And this fine example is from Lingsberg.
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The majority of existing rune stones can be found in Sweden. Some can also be seen in Denmark and Norway. A few have also been found in the UK. Many of the stones are found near Christian churches (which invokes a very different imagine than the heathenistic warrior who raped and pillaged along the coasts).
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A fun rune stone walk in Sigtuna - http://destinationsigtuna.se/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Runornas-Sigtuna-eng.pdf
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Picture References:
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Lingsberg Runestone - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2287417<BR>
Jelling Stone - https://en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/denmark/prehistoric-period-until-1050-ad/the-viking-age/the-monuments-at-jelling/the-jelling-stone/<BR>
Prastgatan Stone - http://destinationsigtuna.se/en/attraktion/runic-stones/<BR>
Futhark Alphabet - http://viking.archeurope.info/index.php?page=runes
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<B>References:</B>
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Viking Archaeology - http://viking.archeurope.info/index.php?page=viking-rune-stones
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National Museum of Denmark - https://en.natmus.dk
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Sigtuna (Swedish Travel Info Site) - http://destinationsigtuna.se/en/attraktion/runic-stones/
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"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
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Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-30178554331388598762020-05-21T09:00:00.000-05:002020-05-21T09:00:00.953-05:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - Vikings - Longships - #TidbitThursday Howdy! I'm veering off the Old West trail for the next few weeks to focus on another favorite - Vikings!
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This week I'm investigating the infamous long boats, the very device which allowed them to not only sail far from their home but also allowed them to make quick raids along their journey thanks to ingenious designs.
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Vikings actually had several different types of ships and their building technology evolved over time. All their ships used a square sail and, when there was no wind, oars.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha7affbi-BaGbtslkaju1GOFnhcLIVZeCO8t-FjdQsreDYDNwwNmLcZYEkG0UclzPbJyXxWgy87pAO41m4ztQJPWR-A00MqqnvDctGg1EBva0pt0zRrhEodjQZUF6lei4sEAZNxdf5Vvh9/s1600/1280px-Sunnm%25C3%25B8rsf%25C3%25A6ring_-_Her%25C3%25B8y_kystmuseum.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha7affbi-BaGbtslkaju1GOFnhcLIVZeCO8t-FjdQsreDYDNwwNmLcZYEkG0UclzPbJyXxWgy87pAO41m4ztQJPWR-A00MqqnvDctGg1EBva0pt0zRrhEodjQZUF6lei4sEAZNxdf5Vvh9/s320/1280px-Sunnm%25C3%25B8rsf%25C3%25A6ring_-_Her%25C3%25B8y_kystmuseum.jpg" width="320" height="240" data-original-width="1280" data-original-height="960" /></a>
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Smaller ships, mostly used for fishing, were called faering and were propelled by up to four oars.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3-781ZGO4PIWm3wYyex0Sc5BxGmaW9b9ZkgPzkkgTlnCItSpFaA8Dizcg17jOV6cSMuFpELHHrPl3VMDCtcKi0FY2roY8y9eNM9GyE6j3Yy4fEUn__sJa7Iud_dCOQ8_e5YTQxr0Qk4Vt/s1600/Modell_Knorr.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3-781ZGO4PIWm3wYyex0Sc5BxGmaW9b9ZkgPzkkgTlnCItSpFaA8Dizcg17jOV6cSMuFpELHHrPl3VMDCtcKi0FY2roY8y9eNM9GyE6j3Yy4fEUn__sJa7Iud_dCOQ8_e5YTQxr0Qk4Vt/s320/Modell_Knorr.jpg" width="320" height="240" data-original-width="600" data-original-height="450" /></a>
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A knarr was a merchant ship and was built for longer journeys with wider and deeper hulls. They travelled as far south as the Black Sea and west to Vinland or North America.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZZUFYuL7yS5KbczUJGFWE_LTHEOZa6X9tGlE5AERt6zjmOm0qcBC1SBx2ry8PpCPYeoQWNGoYDUeX3eYQaJNcZFPwbREJPDvXNXGseW6LvgvFKZqbwSABb5UKHOsIkvrXUHnl7ByHyR2J/s1600/foxnews-longships.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZZUFYuL7yS5KbczUJGFWE_LTHEOZa6X9tGlE5AERt6zjmOm0qcBC1SBx2ry8PpCPYeoQWNGoYDUeX3eYQaJNcZFPwbREJPDvXNXGseW6LvgvFKZqbwSABb5UKHOsIkvrXUHnl7ByHyR2J/s320/foxnews-longships.jpg" width="320" height="180" data-original-width="931" data-original-height="524" /></a>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjVZJXtfdrH5VvNC98UKxFPULAwcfrflTHy29Uhn-jfhM1PFPRua1dl4qRLTpPmoMpG2aAZme6qW1CvLvcnC_DFI00Zs4Zk6TmjYtilpqWNH3NjjXGAcmjK84CzsJc0O0adZeWQzyENUoN/s1600/Illustration-Viking-longship.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjVZJXtfdrH5VvNC98UKxFPULAwcfrflTHy29Uhn-jfhM1PFPRua1dl4qRLTpPmoMpG2aAZme6qW1CvLvcnC_DFI00Zs4Zk6TmjYtilpqWNH3NjjXGAcmjK84CzsJc0O0adZeWQzyENUoN/s320/Illustration-Viking-longship.jpg" width="320" height="189" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="943" /></a>
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Longships were the larger ships and most well-recognized. They could accommodate up to 32 oars. They were long, flat boats with a tall prow at the front (usually carved into mythical creatures) and a keel which allowed them to slice quickly through the water but shallow enough to allow them close access to land. The ships were usually painted bright colors and their sides might be decorated with shields.
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Interestingly, high-ranking Vikings were buried with a ship. One famous burial ship discovered in a giant burial mound was the Oseberg ship, named after the farm it was found at. It was over 70 feet long and almost 17 feet wide.
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Picture References:
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Longship - https://www.britannica.com/technology/longship<BR>
Longships - https://www.foxnews.com/science/amazing-viking-longship-discovery-radar-reveals-mysterious-ship-grave<BR>
Faering - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2494412
Knarr - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1618125
<BR><BR>
<B>References:</B>
<BR>
Viking Ship Museum - https://www.vikingeskibsmuseet.dk/en/
<BR>
"Everyday Life in Viking Times" by Michael Gibson, ISBN#0-7500-1472-5
<BR>
<BR>
"The Vikings" by Robert Nicholson and Claire Watts, ISBN#0-590-46120-6
<iframe style="width:120px;height:240px;" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?ServiceVersion=20070822&OneJS=1&Operation=GetAdHtml&MarketPlace=US&source=ac&ref=qf_sp_asin_til&ad_type=product_link&tracking_id=wendyquest-20&marketplace=amazon®ion=US&placement=0590461206&asins=0590461206&linkId=a2f77ff964c59a3e5c1bfcd5de84ff41&show_border=false&link_opens_in_new_window=true&price_color=333333&title_color=0066c0&bg_color=ffffff">
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<BR>
Viking Combat Training and other research - http://www.hurstwic.org
Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-72535965419072123022020-04-29T13:52:00.003-05:002020-04-29T13:52:53.106-05:00 Video Review - Travel Channel - Legendary Locations - Salem Witches
Josh Gates hosts several interesting series on the Travel Channel. This particular series focuses on locations that are steeped in myths, legends, or famous events. Today, we're taking a look at the Salem Witch Trials in this episode titled "Rock and a Hard Place".
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Legendary Locations - Rock and a Hard Place
<BR><BR>
Season 2 - Episode 2
<BR><BR>
<B>Description:</B>
<BR><BR>
Josh Gates explores stories of perseverance, including a tragic Salem witch trial case that led to a lasting change in the United States justice system and an old Mexican folk tale that's still celebrated in a festival today.
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<B>Highlights:</B>
<BR>
17th century, Salem, Massachusettes becomes a hotbed for witch trials.
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Over 25 women died at these so-called trials.
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The strict Puritan religion forbids things of supernatural nature (considered devil's magic).
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For those who survived a small pox epidemic, they were easily accused of witchcraft.
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Rebecca Nurse and her husband, Francis, owned over 300 acres. She was a pious grandmother and had taken ill. Because she hadn't been seen at church for awhile, the parishoners became suspicious. They accused her of witchcraft while she was in her bed.
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12 year old Ann Putnam accuses over 62 women of witchcraft. Rebecca Nurse had accused Ann of fortune telling and was in dispute with Ann's father over some land boundaries, so they retaliate and accuse her of witchcraft. Ann's father was also the trial scriber so he embellished the court documents.
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June 1692, the jury decides Rebecca was not guilty, but Ann throws a fit and they find her guilty. She is hung to death and buried in an unmarked grace.
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Despite the myth, witches weren't burned at the stake in America - this was mostly done in Europe.
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During this time, something called "spectral evidence" was in place whereby a witness could claim that a witch's spirit or spectral shape appeared to them in person or in a dream (while their actual body was somewhere else). After 19 people were hanged and 5 died in jail, this law was finally repealed.
<BR><BR>
In 1957, three hundred years later, the state finally offered its victims a formal apology.
<BR><BR>
Check out the Legendary Locations site on the <a href="https://www.travelchannel.com/shows/legendary-locations/legendary-locations-season-2-destinations-videos">History Channel</A>
<BR><BR>
You can also check your local library to see if they have copies of the video.
Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-56739879699415128992020-04-23T09:00:00.000-05:002020-04-23T09:00:04.051-05:00Historical Tidbit Thursdays - The California Gold Rush - Sutter's Mill - #TidbitThursdayHowdy!
<BR><BR>
Welcome to Historical Tidbit Thursdays. Today I wanted to share with you some interesting tidbits I learned about Sutter's Mill during the infamous California Gold Rush! Hope you enjoy!
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCm1wD-uXkpplmxhy9s3xNrXOlMFoKYvce4S75-nTBenTTVCmrYUyWLtqiPLx0wKakIjdNAsOmr3p6ikGO1swFG3x5y95mrQNgIm3aBbqeN9a0lKwXEVTAOQ44BTsOqsOUMcqQhff5tmoA/s1600/John-Augustus-Sutter.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCm1wD-uXkpplmxhy9s3xNrXOlMFoKYvce4S75-nTBenTTVCmrYUyWLtqiPLx0wKakIjdNAsOmr3p6ikGO1swFG3x5y95mrQNgIm3aBbqeN9a0lKwXEVTAOQ44BTsOqsOUMcqQhff5tmoA/s320/John-Augustus-Sutter.jpg" width="265" height="320" data-original-width="248" data-original-height="300" /></a>
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Johann August Sutter, born on February 15, 1803 in Germany, he was unsuccessful in his businesses in Switzerland and declared bankruptcy before leaving his family behind for America. He changed his name to John Sutter.
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On April 31, 1848 he was given a land grant of 50,000 acres in California on the Sacramento River. He established a colony Nueva Helvetia (New Switzerland).
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He builds Sutter's Fort to protect settlers from the local Indians. He partners with James W. Marshall, a carpenter, with the intention of getting rich off lumber. They build a saw mill at the junction of the American River with the intent to float and lumber down the river and then ship it out.
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWUswKsxzsoLEBF0ZVdyVDJ70r3T0AgHmg-RhTKf42EwSiqx0iKmrS2zD7yBkzOTU6D2w-zwsfbm4wJYFHb2mfrICv0bYzt2npJ8jP8JtaaJUGzfs4tE1hcuV2LkX3n3u_5M6PuPfkvX_R/s1600/Sutters_Mill.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWUswKsxzsoLEBF0ZVdyVDJ70r3T0AgHmg-RhTKf42EwSiqx0iKmrS2zD7yBkzOTU6D2w-zwsfbm4wJYFHb2mfrICv0bYzt2npJ8jP8JtaaJUGzfs4tE1hcuV2LkX3n3u_5M6PuPfkvX_R/s320/Sutters_Mill.jpg" width="320" height="180" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="900" /></a>
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The mill was actually built on Indian lands. At this time, individuals were not allowed to trespass Indian lands but John ignored that and went ahead with his plans.
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Marshall dams up the stream so he can repair their mill and when he releases the water, he finds gold. The workers deserted. The local store owner, Sam Brannan, went to San Francisco to spread the news and to sell gold-searching equipment (becoming California's first millionaire).
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The land around the mill was not legally Sutter's so he could not reap any payments from all those squatters and gold-seekers. In fact, they caused a lot of destruction and stole his livestock. Eventually Sutter moved out.
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Hundreds of millions of dollars were extracted from that area but no one got rich (except those that sold supplies).
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Source: The American Heroes Channel - "What History Forgot" series; episode 2 "Making America;
<a href="https://www.ahctv.com/tv-shows/what-history-forgot/">What History Forgot</A> series website.
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Photo Credits: <BR>
Sutter's Mill - https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=484 <BR>
Johann August Sutter - https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Sutter<BR>
Sam Brannan - https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/brannan.htm
Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-72734036189426010922020-04-21T10:24:00.001-05:002020-04-21T10:24:23.949-05:00Video Review - Travel Channel - Legendary Locations - John Thompson<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYATYfyuoMyKW4im8GjGqV2DiQYs2uszgbY-D1JTKqSeZ3UeLNl_T-t0ZyCMlmh7ZVRNhfaGW48leyprFzL3L6e8PARg4n8HEWCFEJJRBFjJFG_iSDCA08LQ9t_n5qplf22uJTkfk5yTrL/s1600/LegendaryLocations_Josh.jpg" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYATYfyuoMyKW4im8GjGqV2DiQYs2uszgbY-D1JTKqSeZ3UeLNl_T-t0ZyCMlmh7ZVRNhfaGW48leyprFzL3L6e8PARg4n8HEWCFEJJRBFjJFG_iSDCA08LQ9t_n5qplf22uJTkfk5yTrL/s200/LegendaryLocations_Josh.jpg" width="200" height="150" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="1200" /></a>
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Josh Gates hosts several interesting series on the Travel Channel. This particular series focuses on locations that are steeped in myths, legends, or famous events. Today, we're taking a look at John Thompson, a simple mailman in this episode titled "About Time".
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Legendary Locations - About Time
<BR><BR>
Season 2 - Episode 7
<BR><BR>
<B>Description:</B>
<BR><BR>
From a cursed clock in Prague to a death-defying rescue in the snowy Sierra Nevada Mountains, Josh Gates explores six legendary locations that have withstood the test of time.
<BR><BR>
<B>Highlights:</B>
<BR>
1850's Sierra Nevada Mountains, site of the infamous Donner party crossing, is where native Norwegian John Thompson operates as a mailman.
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To get through the snowy places, John used a single ski of oak longboards that measured 9 feet long and 1.5 inches thick as well as a long pole that he held horizontally for balance. This getup earned him the nickname "Snow Shoe Thompson".
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December 1856, John finds a nearly frozen fur trapper, James Sisson. He carries him to Mormon Station. Due to the frozen condition, the doctor needs to amputate, but the doctor has no antiseptic.
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So John skis to Placerville but the druggist is out of antiseptic.
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This time John rides a horse over 40 miles to Sacramento, California. He is able to get the antiseptic and rides all the way back to Mormon Station.
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Thankfully, James Sisson survives the amputation of his legs.
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See info on the series here - <a href="https://www.travelchannel.com/shows/legendary-locations/episodes/about-time">TravelChannel.com</A>
<BR><BR>
Check your local listings for showtimes, your local library for copies, or watch on Amazon:
<BR>
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</iframe>Wendy Questhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11268161294114624201noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-872899389981889829.post-71099336208659339372020-03-31T16:42:00.000-05:002020-03-31T16:42:12.765-05:00Video Review - Travel Channel - Expedition Unknown - The Legend of Jesse James
Josh Gates hosts this interesting series, Expedition Unknown, where he travels to places around the world and investigates significant historical and/or archaeological finds. Today, I'm reviewing Episode #4 from Season #1, "The Legend of Jesse James".
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Expedition Unknown - The Legend of Jesse James
<BR><BR>
Season 1 - Episode 4
<BR><BR>
<B>Description:</B>
<BR><BR>
Jesse James and his gang came into possession a Mexican gold train but it's gone missing and ever since treasure hunters have been trying to locate it.
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<B>Highlights:</B>
<BR>
Jesse James was born at a farm house in Kearney, Missouri. His father went to California to do some gold mining and got sick. He died when Jesse was 3 years old.
<BR><BR>
When Jesse was 14 years old, his older brother, Frank, went to fight in the Civil War.
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Oklahoma, 1875 - Jesse James ambushes a train of pack mules carrying tons of gold buillon coming out of the Mexican territory.
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That winter was a bad one so they decide to bury the gold and mark the spot with a Burro's shoe nailed to a tree and shooting 6 rounds of ammo into another tree.
<BR><BR>
Seven years later, Jesse is assassinated by a member of his own gang.
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1907 - Frank James dug up a portion of the trasure ($6000).
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1932 - a copper map was found.
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1933 - a brass bucket containing coins was found near the Wichita Mountains. On the side of the bucket a contract was hammered/carved into the material.
<BR><BR>
People have found symbols like "JJ", turkey tracks, a cross, a hook, and an arrow shown on maps and carved into things in the general area of Robber's Cave, OK. But so far nothing has been uncovered. Were they red herrings?
<BR><BR>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00SZP1OJS/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B00SZP1OJS&linkCode=as2&tag=wendyquest-20&linkId=2aaa2389fbfb4ee4038b59a65fc50732"><img border="0" src="//ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B00SZP1OJS&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=wendyquest-20" ></a><img src="//ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=wendyquest-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B00SZP1OJS" width="1" height="1" border="0" alt="" style="border:none !important; margin:0px !important;" />
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